The incidence of cancer in India and across the world is rising at an alarming rate, with projections indicating exponential growth in the coming decades. Addressing this crisis requires a strong focus on early detection through widespread and accessible screening programmes. Dr Sneha Sagar Siripurapu, Consultant Oncologist, GVK Health Hub reveals more
The word 'cancer' as dreadful as it may sound, represents humanity’s longest battle in the search for a cure. The relentless efforts of researchers and the significant investments in novel therapies and breakthrough drugs have undoubtedly raised hope for cancer patients and their families. A day dedicated to discussing and spreading awareness about the various aspects of cancer.
However, critical questions remain:
Will these novel therapies and drugs cure every cancer? Not yet.
Are they affordable for a large section of the population? Not yet.
Will they help decrease the incidence of cancer? No.
If these questions remain unanswered, what then can help a larger section of people avoid succumbing to cancer? Are we overlooking something more basic and economical in our fight against this disease?
The answer is a resounding yes.
The incidence of cancer in India and across the world is rising at an alarming rate, with projections indicating exponential growth in the coming decades. Addressing this crisis requires a strong focus on early detection through widespread and accessible screening programmes.
Additionally, preventive measures such as lifestyle modifications, vaccinations, and education play a crucial role in reducing cancer incidence. Raising awareness about the importance of these strategies is equally vital to ensure people actively participate in preventive healthcare. A well-structured approach combining these elements can significantly curb late-stage diagnoses, improve survival rates, and reduce the overall burden of cancer on healthcare systems. Without timely intervention, cancer will continue to claim lives unnecessarily, emphasizing the need for immediate action.
India's Universal Immunization Program, launched in 1985, has been a game-changer in controlling the spread of 12 preventable infectious diseases. Today, it is unthinkable for a child to go without these vaccinations. This initiative has saved millions of lives and drastically reduced the prevalence of deadly communicable diseases.
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It is time for the government to take urgent action in designing and implementing a Universal Cancer Screening Program to detect common cancers at an early stage
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Drawing a parallel, early cancer detection should be viewed as the equivalent of vaccination for infectious diseases. It is time for the government to take urgent action in designing and implementing a Universal Cancer Screening Program to detect common cancers at an early stage. This will save millions of lives, especially in India, where lack of awareness and limited access to affordable screening options remain major barriers.
Early detection remains one of the most underutilized and under-implemented defense mechanisms against cancer in India. Western nations have made significant progress in this area, with government-led initiatives that include personal reminders for screenings for individuals over 40 years of age. In contrast, India still struggles with awareness and accessibility gaps.
While the recent budget announcement exempting cancer therapies from taxes is a positive step, an equal, if not greater, allocation of resources is needed to establish infrastructure and programs for screening. Prevention is far more impactful in saving lives than novel drugs alone.
Steps to strengthen early detection and prevention
1. Initiate a Universal Screening Program at all Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and Urban Health Centers (UHCs) for common cancers.
2. Strengthen preventive programmes, including vaccinations and lifestyle education.
3. Deploy mobile screening units to reach rural and underserved areas.
4. Encourage active participation of medical colleges in awareness campaigns across all districts.
The 2022-2024 World Cancer Day theme, 'Close the Care Gap' is still relevant today. We are far from closing this gap if we fail to build a strong foundation for accessible and affordable early detection.
A staggering 80 per cent of India's population lives in rural areas, where lack of awareness and limited screening facilities lead to an overwhelming number of stage 4 cancer diagnoses. This is the first gap we must bridge to protect lives, preserve the workforce, and sustain the country's economy. While a cure remains elusive for many, early detection is a practical and affordable life-saving strategy.
Following standard screening guidelines can help detect cancer at an early stage, significantly improving the chances of successful treatment.
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A staggering 80 per cent of India's population lives in rural areas, where lack of awareness and limited screening facilities lead to an overwhelming number of stage 4 cancer diagnoses.
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For Women: It is recommended that women undergo an annual mammogram starting at age 45 to screen for breast cancer. A Pap smear should be conducted once every three years between the ages of 21 and 66 to detect cervical cancer. Additionally, an ultrasound (USG) of the abdomen and pelvis should be performed yearly from age 40 to monitor for abnormalities.
For Men: Screening guidelines for men include an annual Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test from the age of 50 to detect prostate cancer early. A stool test for occult blood should also be done yearly to check for signs of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, endoscopy and colonoscopy should be performed once every 10 years as a precautionary measure.
For Chronic Smokers (55+ years): Individuals who have been chronic smokers for years are at a higher risk of lung cancer. A low-dose CT scan of the chest every two years is recommended to facilitate early detection.
For Chronic Alcohol Consumers and Individuals with Chronic Hepatitis B or C: These individuals are at an increased risk of liver cancer. Therefore, an annual ultrasound (USG) of the abdomen is essential to monitor any potential developments.
For Individuals with a Significant Family History: Those with a strong family history of cancer should consider genetic counselling to assess their risk and take proactive steps toward prevention and early detection.
The battle against this disease is not just about advanced treatments—it is about prioritising prevention and early detection as our strongest defense. While a cure may remain elusive or unaffordable for many, early detection can be the lifesaving key that is accessible to all. By staying informed and proactive, we can make a difference.
