Doctors across India report a worrying increase in cataracts among people in their 40s and 50s, with diabetes emerging as a key driver of earlier onset and faster progression. Ophthalmologists say persistently high blood sugar accelerates clouding of the eye’s natural lens, producing symptomatic vision loss at younger ages.
India now has more than 101 million adults with diabetes and 136 million with prediabetes, according to the International Diabetes Federation figures, which experts say will push cataract cases higher in the coming years. While diabetic retinopathy remains a well-known complication, clinicians note that cataract is becoming an increasingly significant threat, especially in patients with long-standing or poorly controlled diabetes.
“Diabetes is increasingly being recognised as a major contributor to early cataract development,” said Dr Jay Mathew Perumal, Head- Clinical Services, Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital, Trivandrum. “We are seeing more patients in their 40s and 50s presenting with cataracts, particularly those with poorly controlled blood sugar. These lens changes can develop gradually but significantly affect vision during a person’s most active and productive years. Regular eye examinations help identify early lens changes and allow timely treatment before vision loss becomes more severe.”
Doctors say the impact is amplified for working-age adults whose screen-heavy routines, computers, smartphones, video calls and driving make visual disturbances harder to ignore. Typical symptoms include blurred vision, glare, reduced contrast sensitivity, difficulty reading digital screens and frequent changes in spectacle prescription.
Clinicians also caution that persistent misconceptions delay care. “Many patients still believe surgery should only be performed once a cataract has ‘matured,’ or assume vision loss is simply part of ageing,” Dr Perumal said. “Some expect eye drops to reverse the condition, which is not accurate. Delays can lead to advanced cataracts that are more difficult to manage surgically and may affect recovery.”
Ophthalmologists recommend comprehensive eye checks for everyone over 40, and especially for people with diabetes, obesity or hypertension. Early detection allows timely intervention, preserves vision and reduces long-term impact on quality of life. Cataract surgery is now a safe, highly effective procedure, and technological advances including laser and robotic-assisted techniques can improve outcomes when performed promptly.
Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital has announced free cataract evaluations for the public through 15 July 2026 to raise awareness; registrations are available at 95943 69666.
